PHP2Shell: Critical Remote Code Execution Flaws Uncovered in PHP

LinkCalif ResearchResearch

Calif Research has disclosed PHP2Shell, detailing two severe PHP remote code execution vulnerabilities (CVE-2026-109618 and CVE-2026-109619) triggered via out-of-memory states and addressed in the October 2026 security release.

Key points

  1. Vulnerabilities CVE-2026-109618 and CVE-2026-109619 impact PHP versions dating back to PHP 5.4.0 and were addressed in the October 2026 PHP security update.
  2. Identified through OpenAI's 'Patch the Planet' initiative in collaboration with Calif, Wiz, and the PHP Foundation.
  3. Attackers can circumvent post_max_size barriers using chunked/lengthless HTTP requests or nested RFC1867 empty uploads to induce deliberate memory_limit fatal errors.
  4. Interrupting execution via OOM fatal errors exposes uninitialized hash table buckets to teardown routines, resulting in stale bucket consumption.
  5. Pre-auth RCE was verified across major platforms including WordPress 7.1.2, Drupal 11.4.3, Joomla 6.1.4, Nextcloud 35.0.1, Laravel 13.11, and Symfony 8.1.

Why it matters

Given PHP's extensive deployment across modern web infrastructure and CMS ecosystems, unauthenticated remote code execution under default configurations represents a critical risk requiring immediate application of the vendor security patches.

Analysis

The research highlights how out-of-memory conditions, often treated as mere denial-of-service issues, can result in exploitable memory corruption when cleanup logic assumes valid state. By using LLM assistance to generalize the pattern of updating element counts before fallible memory allocations, researchers traced severe flaws in PHP request startup and session upload progress handling, particularly affecting mod_php request teardown.

Found in

Summary generated by AI (Gemini 3.8 Flash, 27 October 2026). It may contain errors – the original source is authoritative.

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